A manual of naval architecture for the use of officers of the Royal Navy, officers of the Mercantile Marine, yachtsmen, shipowners, and shipbuilders by White William Henry Sir 1845-1913

Author:White, William Henry, Sir, 1845-1913
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Tags: Naval architecture
Publisher: London, J. Murray
Published: 1894-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

are examples of this system of construction. Three thicknesses of planking are employed, the two inside being worked diagonally, and the outer one longitudinally. The two diagonal layers are inclined in opposite directions, and the skin thus formed possesses such superior strength to the skin of an ordinary wood ship that there need be comparatively little transverse framing above the bilges. Direct experiments with models, and the experience gained with ships thus built demonstrated its great superiority in the combination of strength with lightness. The royal yacht Victoria and Albert, built on this plan, with her unusually powerful engines and high speed, although subjected to excessively great sagging moments (see p. 315), has continued on service for forty years with complete exemption from signs of weakness. Like many other improved systems of construction, this was found more expensive than the common plan ; but if wood had not been so largely superseded by iron and steel, much more extensive use would have been made of the diagonal system. Large steam and sailing launches employed in the Royal Navy are still built on a somewhat similar plan; the skin planking is in two thicknesses worked diagonally, with the two layers inclined in opposite directions. These boats answer admirably, and have frames only on the flat of the floor, where the wear and tear of grounding have to be borne.

Iron and steel ships have outer skins formed by numerous plates r each of which is strongly fastened at the edges, as well as the butts, to the plates adjacent thereto. Such a combination is very strong against longitudinal racking strains, and needs no supplementary strengthening such as the diagonal riders of wood or composite ships. Many proposals have been made, and several plans have been patented for using diagonal strengthenings in iron ships, the superiority of an iron skin, and its capability of resisting and transmitting strains in all directions, not having been apprehended. From the bilges upwards, the outside plating forms the principal part of the web of the equivalent girder section in ships like that in Fig. 129, p. 362 ; and when properly stiffened, it acts this part most efficiently when the ship is upright. When she is considerably inclined, some parts of the same plating contribute strength to the flanges of the girder-section for that position, as already explained. Vessels with double bottoms extending far up the side, or with wing-passage bulkheads like that in Fig. 130, p. 367, gain much on vessels with single bottoms, since the additional skin contributes to the strength of the web of the girder for the upright position,, and to the strength of the flanges of the girders for inclined positions. Any other longitudinal bulkheads which extend over a considerable length in the ship may also be regarded as contributing \

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